Hello Pete, welcome to Sysnative!
I have split your post into a thread of its own to stop things getting confusing, hope you don't mind!
Looking at your CheckSUR log, it all looks perfectly fixable apart from one nasty line:
(f) CBS Registry Error 0x00000002 amd64_microsoft-windows-t..ied-chinese-zhengma_31bf3856ad364e35_0.0.0.0_ Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing\ComponentDetect Failed to open store sub key
Here we have what's known as an embedded null in the key name:
amd64_microsoft-windows-t..ied-chinese-zhengma_31bf3856ad364e35_0.0.0.0_
The name has been cut short and is missing the last set of characters because corruption in your registry has caused a termination character to appear in the middle of the key name. The termination characters are used at the end of a name to let Windows know when the key name ends and the next one begins, but as there is one in the middle now, Windows can't see the rest of the key name. Usually this corruption appears in a different place in your registry and is fixable, but here I'm afraid it's not.
Now we have a choice :)
1. Fix the other errors and hope Windows Update works. It will probably fail in the future though due to the error we will be ignoring, and we won't be able to fix it then either, but you might get some more life out of Windows Update until then.
2. Wipe the slate clean and do a clean install:
https://www.sysnative.com/forums/wi...-install-windows-windows-7-windows-vista.html
Let me know which you would like to do!
Tom