Win11 Pro 22621.1555 - DISM & Windows Update broken

[FelicitusNeko]

I've run into some file system corruption (not entirely sure how this keeps happening repeatedly and on different computers). It seems this has caused both Windows Update and DISM to stop working correctly.

Windows Update:

• Trying to install 2023-05 Cumulative Update for Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5026372)
• Fails every time; the error code is inconsistent (this time, it's 0x800705b9, but it's been other things which I didn't think to write down)

DISM:

• Trying to run dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
• Runs up to somewhere around 3-5% before stopping on "Error 2: The system cannot find the file specified."

I've also tried to run SFCFix, which crashed. I've included its output, as well as my CBS log and ComponentsScanner output. Please let me know if I'm missing anything, or if more is needed.