looking for guiding hand or a tutorial

[apprentice21]

Hello, I am new here so i have a few questions regarding the Microsoft Support and Malware Removal / Windows update category.
i am in training as an it system integrator and would love to learn how to fix issues with servers.
I have read the instructions provided by niemiro : Windows Update Forum Posting Instructions
However i would love to proceed and actually fix the issues or understand/gain knowledge regarding this.
I looked under tutorials but was not able to find something that could help me further understand how to do so.

What i have found so far:
Step 1
Win+R --> services.msc
find the service Windows Modules installer
start it --> close services window

open elevated cmd
Win+R --> type cmd press and hold ctrl and shft then press enter
sfc /scannow
let it complete

I then followed the instructions provided by niemiro

As an apprentice in a company that has limited options to send me to a proper course to learn these things, i was hoping to gain some insight from the pros here.

We have several virtual machines on an ESXi Host that have not seen updates in years.
I managed to update some of them but i do sometimes have trouble with SQL servers that just wont update unless i cleanboot and stop SQL services.
But my biggest issue currently is an 2008 R2 and one 2016 Server that just refuse to install a cumulative update from MS.
They seem to download the update which is about 1.5GB correctly and then prompt me to restart but fail every time.
Also when i cleanboot and try to manually install the KB from Windows update catalog.
Even with the services running Windows installer and Windows Modules installer running.
The 2016 Server in particular is giving me a hard time, i have already invested days trying things until i stumbled across this Forum.
On this machine i followed the guide provided by niemiro
unfortunately it wont get past sfc /scannow.
It fails at the 37% mark. It seems to fail because of Windows Resource protection.
Then tried to run the sfcfix which completed to 100% but never actually wrote any log to the desktop
But it fixed some issues.
I rebooted the machine and ran another sfc /scannow but again 37% and then it dropped out.
dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth wont work it will only show me the image version but will not proceed any further.
So i looked into the cbs.log and looked for these search terms
corrupt
repair
Repairing corrupted file
Cannot repair member file
Repaired file
[SR]
as described in Analysieren von Protokolldateieinträgen, die SFC.exe generiert - Windows Client

Sadly Microsoft does not continue on how to fix found problems...
So i wondered and hope that there is a tutorial around that i could read to gain further knowledge so i could try and attempt to fix these myself
this might be a lot to ask but i simply want to understand how to do it than to simply have it fixed.
If that makes any sense.
Sorry for the long text but i was hoping maybe you could give me some tips or provide me with the right direction to learn how to proceed.

Thank you in advance

 

[philc43]

Hello @apprentice21

Sorry that it has taken a long while to respond. As you can probably tell we do not have enough volunteers to be able to keep up with the all requests and we do not have instructors available who can train people in the skills needed. All I can suggest is that you follow the instructions given in the link and then see what you can learn from any help that is given. Some of the volunteers will give more explanation than others but hopefully you will learn something.
Windows Update Forum Posting Instructions