[SOLVED] High DPC latency and popping noises

P

PC Cheah

Well-known member
Joined
Jan 3, 2017
Posts
45
Location
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hi, recently I've built a new pc, when I listen to music , watching videos or playing games. I will hear some popping noises (that's kinda annoying)
I ran the LatencyMon and it shows the PC have some DPC latency issues. I searched on Google for the problem and I tried many solutions(different forum threads) but sadly those ways doesn't fix my PC. So I decided to post another thread at here.

Things I've tried
-Updated to Latest BIOS
-Chosen High Performance at Power Options
-All drivers are updated to latest version (especially Realtek HD Audio Driver, Nvidia driver and Intel LAN driver.)
-Disabled all enhancements at the default audio device
-Defragmented HDD

My computer specs:
CPU: Intel i5-6500 @ 3.2GHz
RAM: Kingston HyperX DDR4 8GB 2400MHz (downclocked to 2133MHz)
Motherboard: ASUS H170 Pro Gaming
GPU: MSI GeForce GTX 1060 Gaming X 6GB
SSD: Samsung 850 EVO 250GB
HDD: Western Digital Blue 1TB

ALC1150 audio codec on the mobo​
 
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your system appears to be having trouble handling real-time audio and other tasks. You are likely to experience buffer underruns appearing as drop outs, clicks or pops. One or more DPC routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. Also one or more ISR routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. At least one detected problem appears to be network related. In case you are using a WLAN adapter, try disabling it to get better results. One problem may be related to power management, disable CPU throttling settings in Control Panel and BIOS setup. Check for BIOS updates.
LatencyMon has been analyzing your system for 0:14:36 (h:mm:ss) on all processors.




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SYSTEM INFORMATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Computer name: PCCHEAH-DPC
OS version: Windows 8.1 , 6.3, build: 9600 (x64)
Hardware: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC., H170 PRO GAMING
CPU: GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz
Logical processors: 4
Processor groups: 1
RAM: 8132 MB total




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU SPEED
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reported CPU speed: 3192 MHz
Measured CPU speed: 1 MHz (approx.)


Note: reported execution times may be calculated based on a fixed reported CPU speed. Disable variable speed settings like Intel Speed Step and AMD Cool N Quiet in the BIOS setup for more accurate results.


WARNING: the CPU speed that was measured is only a fraction of the CPU speed reported. Your CPUs may be throttled back due to variable speed settings and thermal issues. It is suggested that you run a utility which reports your actual CPU frequency and temperature.






_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEASURED INTERRUPT TO USER PROCESS LATENCIES
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The interrupt to process latency reflects the measured interval that a usermode process needed to respond to a hardware request from the moment the interrupt service routine started execution. This includes the scheduling and execution of a DPC routine, the signaling of an event and the waking up of a usermode thread from an idle wait state in response to that event.


Highest measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 392.340915
Average measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 5.330301


Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 390.736905
Average measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 1.491677




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED ISRs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interrupt service routines are routines installed by the OS and device drivers that execute in response to a hardware interrupt signal.


Highest ISR routine execution time (µs): 3139.644424
Driver with highest ISR routine execution time: HDAudBus.sys - High Definition Audio Bus Driver, Microsoft Corporation


Highest reported total ISR routine time (%): 0.257038
Driver with highest ISR total time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation


Total time spent in ISRs (%) 0.403010


ISR count (execution time <250 µs): 1342896
ISR count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 500-999 µs): 14
ISR count (execution time 1000-1999 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 2000-3999 µs): 12
ISR count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED DPCs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DPC routines are part of the interrupt servicing dispatch mechanism and disable the possibility for a process to utilize the CPU while it is interrupted until the DPC has finished execution.


Highest DPC routine execution time (µs): 2873.116228
Driver with highest DPC routine execution time: ndis.sys - Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS), Microsoft Corporation


Highest reported total DPC routine time (%): 0.108185
Driver with highest DPC total execution time: nvlddmkm.sys - NVIDIA Windows Kernel Mode Driver, Version 376.33 , NVIDIA Corporation


Total time spent in DPCs (%) 0.311110


DPC count (execution time <250 µs): 3462965
DPC count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 500-999 µs): 20
DPC count (execution time 1000-1999 µs): 1
DPC count (execution time 2000-3999 µs): 4
DPC count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED HARD PAGEFAULTS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hard pagefaults are events that get triggered by making use of virtual memory that is not resident in RAM but backed by a memory mapped file on disk. The process of resolving the hard pagefault requires reading in the memory from disk while the process is interrupted and blocked from execution.


NOTE: some processes were hit by hard pagefaults. If these were programs producing audio, they are likely to interrupt the audio stream resulting in dropouts, clicks and pops. Check the Processes tab to see which programs were hit.


Process with highest pagefault count: svchost.exe


Total number of hard pagefaults 1486
Hard pagefault count of hardest hit process: 361
Highest hard pagefault resolution time (µs): 204286.008145
Total time spent in hard pagefaults (%): 0.035045
Number of processes hit: 17




_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PER CPU DATA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 0 Interrupt cycle time (s): 54.392917
CPU 0 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3139.644424
CPU 0 ISR total execution time (s): 14.121480
CPU 0 ISR count: 1342922
CPU 0 DPC highest execution time (µs): 2613.916667
CPU 0 DPC total execution time (s): 10.095077
CPU 0 DPC count: 3187019
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 1 Interrupt cycle time (s): 18.698871
CPU 1 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 1 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 1 ISR count: 0
CPU 1 DPC highest execution time (µs): 2873.116228
CPU 1 DPC total execution time (s): 0.411576
CPU 1 DPC count: 142207
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 2 Interrupt cycle time (s): 17.822359
CPU 2 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 2 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 2 ISR count: 0
CPU 2 DPC highest execution time (µs): 2132.184837
CPU 2 DPC total execution time (s): 0.206656
CPU 2 DPC count: 69987
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 3 Interrupt cycle time (s): 18.320353
CPU 3 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 3 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 3 ISR count: 0
CPU 3 DPC highest execution time (µs): 1888.126880
CPU 3 DPC total execution time (s): 0.187989
CPU 3 DPC count: 63777
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
Hi PC Cheah. :welcome:

Did you try a different set of speakers?
Did you try to uninstall Sonic Master and ASUS Asio (if they are present)?
Did you try to "disable all sounds effects"? (right-click on audio icon, playback devices, right-click on your speakers, properties, enhancements tab)
 
Last edited:
xilolee said:
Hi PC Cheah. :welcome:

Did you try a different set of speakers?
Did you try to uninstall Sonic Master and ASUS Asio (if they are present)?
Did you try to "disable all sounds effects"? (right-click on audio icon, playback devices, right-click on your speakers, properties, enhancements tab)
Click to expand...

1) Yes
2)yes
3)yes
 
still the same.:huh:

update:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your system appears to be having trouble handling real-time audio and other tasks. You are likely to experience buffer underruns appearing as drop outs, clicks or pops. One or more DPC routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. Also one or more ISR routines that belong to a driver running in your system appear to be executing for too long. At least one detected problem appears to be network related. In case you are using a WLAN adapter, try disabling it to get better results. One problem may be related to power management, disable CPU throttling settings in Control Panel and BIOS setup. Check for BIOS updates.
LatencyMon has been analyzing your system for 0:03:50 (h:mm:ss) on all processors.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SYSTEM INFORMATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Computer name: PCCHEAH-DPC
OS version: Windows 8.1 , 6.3, build: 9600 (x64)
Hardware: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC., H170 PRO GAMING
CPU: GenuineIntel Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz
Logical processors: 4
Processor groups: 1
RAM: 8132 MB total


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU SPEED
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reported CPU speed: 3192 MHz
Measured CPU speed: 1 MHz (approx.)

Note: reported execution times may be calculated based on a fixed reported CPU speed. Disable variable speed settings like Intel Speed Step and AMD Cool N Quiet in the BIOS setup for more accurate results.

WARNING: the CPU speed that was measured is only a fraction of the CPU speed reported. Your CPUs may be throttled back due to variable speed settings and thermal issues. It is suggested that you run a utility which reports your actual CPU frequency and temperature.



_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEASURED INTERRUPT TO USER PROCESS LATENCIES
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The interrupt to process latency reflects the measured interval that a usermode process needed to respond to a hardware request from the moment the interrupt service routine started execution. This includes the scheduling and execution of a DPC routine, the signaling of an event and the waking up of a usermode thread from an idle wait state in response to that event.

Highest measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 3124.291228
Average measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 6.708538

Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 3110.175937
Average measured interrupt to DPC latency (µs): 1.753226


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED ISRs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interrupt service routines are routines installed by the OS and device drivers that execute in response to a hardware interrupt signal.

Highest ISR routine execution time (µs): 3088.018484
Driver with highest ISR routine execution time: storport.sys - Microsoft Storage Port Driver, Microsoft Corporation

Highest reported total ISR routine time (%): 0.209907
Driver with highest ISR total time: dxgkrnl.sys - DirectX Graphics Kernel, Microsoft Corporation

Total time spent in ISRs (%) 0.381575

ISR count (execution time <250 µs): 342351
ISR count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 500-999 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 1000-1999 µs): 0
ISR count (execution time 2000-3999 µs): 5
ISR count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED DPCs
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DPC routines are part of the interrupt servicing dispatch mechanism and disable the possibility for a process to utilize the CPU while it is interrupted until the DPC has finished execution.

Highest DPC routine execution time (µs): 2358.821115
Driver with highest DPC routine execution time: ndis.sys - Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS), Microsoft Corporation

Highest reported total DPC routine time (%): 0.112545
Driver with highest DPC total execution time: Wdf01000.sys - Kernel Mode Driver Framework Runtime, Microsoft Corporation

Total time spent in DPCs (%) 0.459433

DPC count (execution time <250 µs): 1045549
DPC count (execution time 250-500 µs): 0
DPC count (execution time 500-999 µs): 5
DPC count (execution time 1000-1999 µs): 1
DPC count (execution time 2000-3999 µs): 3
DPC count (execution time >=4000 µs): 0


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REPORTED HARD PAGEFAULTS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hard pagefaults are events that get triggered by making use of virtual memory that is not resident in RAM but backed by a memory mapped file on disk. The process of resolving the hard pagefault requires reading in the memory from disk while the process is interrupted and blocked from execution.

NOTE: some processes were hit by hard pagefaults. If these were programs producing audio, they are likely to interrupt the audio stream resulting in dropouts, clicks and pops. Check the Processes tab to see which programs were hit.

Process with highest pagefault count: svchost.exe

Total number of hard pagefaults 4413
Hard pagefault count of hardest hit process: 1019
Highest hard pagefault resolution time (µs): 739488.153822
Total time spent in hard pagefaults (%): 0.986849
Number of processes hit: 16


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PER CPU DATA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 0 Interrupt cycle time (s): 13.845096
CPU 0 ISR highest execution time (µs): 3088.018484
CPU 0 ISR total execution time (s): 3.510718
CPU 0 ISR count: 342356
CPU 0 DPC highest execution time (µs): 2358.821115
CPU 0 DPC total execution time (s): 3.577130
CPU 0 DPC count: 864466
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 1 Interrupt cycle time (s): 4.788819
CPU 1 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 1 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 1 ISR count: 0
CPU 1 DPC highest execution time (µs): 2230.991228
CPU 1 DPC total execution time (s): 0.370916
CPU 1 DPC count: 121636
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 2 Interrupt cycle time (s): 4.444936
CPU 2 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 2 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 2 ISR count: 0
CPU 2 DPC highest execution time (µs): 255.542293
CPU 2 DPC total execution time (s): 0.145889
CPU 2 DPC count: 29925
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CPU 3 Interrupt cycle time (s): 4.129463
CPU 3 ISR highest execution time (µs): 0.0
CPU 3 ISR total execution time (s): 0.0
CPU 3 ISR count: 0
CPU 3 DPC highest execution time (µs): 234.232456
CPU 3 DPC total execution time (s): 0.133127
CPU 3 DPC count: 29531
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
Would you try these steps?

Preamble
In case you don't know how to open an elevated command prompt in windows 8.1, this is the simplest procedure: right-click windows start, click command prompt (admin).


  • Left-click on Start, type directly msconfig, press enter.
    Is the radio button on normal startup?
  • Launch this command from an elevated command prompt:
    dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth
    Click to expand...
    Do you get my same result?
    Read More:
  • Advanced disk cleanup with cleanmgr:
    • Open an elevated command prompt
    • Type cleanmgr /sageset:1 and press enter.
    • Select all the options, or leave unticked the ones you prefer.
    • Type cleanmgr /sagerun:1 and press enter
    • Let it work until it finishes.
  • Launch this command from an elevated command prompt:
    sfc /scannow
    Click to expand...
    If you get the following message:
    Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them. Details are included in the CBS.Log %WinDir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log
    Click to expand...
    Read Windows Update Forum Posting Instructions (click) and provide the necessary (and missing) informations to the experts.I.e., you should:
    • export and zip/compress the entire CBS folder on your desktop
    • open a new topic in the windows update sub-forum (in sysnative.com)
    • attach that zipped file to that new topic
    If the CBS compressed folder will be too large, you can check the second post on that thread (to use the sfcfix tool with a script) or you can use a (possibly fast) web service like MS OneDrive, Google Drive, DropBox, Box, Mega, Apple iCloud, Amazon Cloud Drive, and so forth...
    Instead if you get the following messages, go to the next step:
    Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations
    Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them. Details are included in the CBS.Log %WinDir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log
    Click to expand...
  • Check you system partition, then post the result here. Steps:
    • Open an elevated command prompt.
    • Type chkdsk c: /b and press enter.
    • You'll get:
      The type of the file system is NTFS.
      Cannot lock current drive.
      Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another
      process. Would you like to schedule this volume to be
      checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N)
      Click to expand...
    • Type Y and press enter.
    • Then restart/reboot and wait until it finishes this check.
    • To find chkdsk result:
      • Open an elevated command prompt
      • Copy/paste this command and press enter:
        Code: 
        wevtutil qe application /c:1 /rd:true  /f:text /q:"*[System[Provider[(@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Wininit')]]]" > "%userprofile%\desktop\ChkDskLOG.txt" & notepad "%userprofile%\desktop\ChkDskLOG.txt"
      • It should create chkdsklog.txt on your desktop and open it: paste its content here.
      • If the command won't work, type eventvwr, press enter, in the event viewer window double-left-click Windows Logs to expand it, left-click Application, double-left-click the information event with source wininit, copy its content and post it here.
  • Defragment your system drive (using windows default defragmenter). Steps:
    • Open an elevated command prompt
    • Type defrag c: /h and press enter
    • Wait until it finishes

After all those operations, reboot your machine and see if the problem persists.


If the problem persists:

  • Please provide answers for (answer the best that you can):
    • System Manufacturer?
    • Laptop or Desktop?
    • Exact model number (if laptop, check label on bottom)
    • OS ? (Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7, Vista)
    • x86 (32bit) or x64 (64bit)?
    • Service pack?
    • What was original installed OS on system?
    • Is the OS an OEM version (came pre-installed on system) or full retail version (YOU purchased it from retailer)?
    • Age of system? (hardware)
    • Age of OS installation?
    • Have you re-installed the OS?
    • CPU
    • RAM (brand, model, which slots are you using?)
    • Video Card
    • MotherBoard - (if NOT a laptop)
    • Power Supply - brand & wattage (if laptop, skip this one)
    • What security software are you using? (Firewall, antivirus, antimalware, antispyware, and so forth)
    • Are you using proxy, vpn, ipfilters or similar software?
    • Are you using Disk Image tools? (like daemon tools, alcohol 52% or 120%, virtual CloneDrive, roxio software)
    • Are you currently under/overclocking? Are there overclocking software installed on your system?

  • Retrieve System Information, using speccy
    1. Download Speccy portable - actual version 1.29.714 (click), unzip/decompress it and put it on your desktop.
    2. When the program opens, it will retrieve some information regarding your system.
    3. Once it's done, select the File menu and choose Publish snapshot. Answer Yes to the confirmation message.
      (Or generate a log in your pc, if you prefer to not publish the snapshot for some reason)
    4. On the next screen that comes up, choose the Copy to Clipboard button and paste this link in your next reply.
      (Or upload here the generated log, in case you didn't publish the snapshot)


  • Facultative System information log (if previous point fails for some obscure reason)
    The following command should be run from an elevated command prompt.
    It should generate a log, named MsInfo.nfo, on your desktop, after some time (few seconds or minutes).
    Read More:
    Code: 
    msinfo32 /nfo msinfo32 /nfo "%userprofile%\desktop\MsInfo.nfo"
    (Then upload it here)

  • Download and install the Windows Performance Toolkit - Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (Windows ADK) for Windows 8.1 Update - adksetup.exe 1.36MB (click):
    Read More:
    Then open an elevated command prompt (right-click on the windows start button on bottom-left corner, left-click Command Prompt (Admin)) and launch these commands:
    Read More:

    You can also read the original tutorial/guide and its following posts for more informations:

    How to Diagnose and Fix High DPC Latency Issues with WPA (Windows Vista/7/8) (click) (by Niemiro)
 
Last edited:
sorry for the late reply.

I ran all the steps and it doesn't seems to reduce the latency, so I went to BIOS and tried enabling the Intel SpeedStep from "AUTO" and disabled the "Depop" at HD audio driver option in my BIOS and surprisingly the HDAudBus.sys has running better (no dpc latency problem) so the popping noise reduced a little. I ran a speedtest for no reason, I get a very high ping result 250~270ms (usually 19~23ms) and I refreshed the webpage and still get some high ping result. So I suspect that something is wrong with the Intel LAN.
P/S: STORPORT.SYS and NDIS.sys are still having a high DPC latency.
DPC2.png
 
Here's the Speccy link : http://speccy.piriform.com/results/IBJEK8I3DET8vi6xB20zOJU
answers:
Read More:


here's the MsInfo.nfo link


trace file using xperf:


thanks.
 
Possible problematic software: MSI afterburner and Bitdefender antivirus free.

RAM KHX2400C15/8G kingston 8GB
  • pc4-19200 - DDR4-2400 (1200 MHz) - 1.2V
  • not listed in the QVL of your motherboard (possible incompatibility?)
  • I didn't find it on Kingston website
  • CAS# Latency (CL - tCAS) 15
  • CAS# to RAS# Delay (tRCD - tRC) 15
  • RAS Precharge (tRP) 15
  • Cycle time (tRAS) 35
Graphic Card MSI GTX1060 Gaming X 6G
  • not listed in H170-PRO-Gaming_Devices_report (possible incompatibility?)
  • I've found, as examples for compatible graphic cards (under ASUS, but probably also other manufacturer models could work):
    • GT 610
    • GT 640
    • GTX 690
    • GTX 720
    • GTX 730
    • GTX 740
    • GTX 750
    • GTX 750TI
    • GTX 960
    • GTX 970
    • GTX 980
    • TITAN-X


Now I'll look into the trace.
 
I forgot another possible culprit: intel raid software.

I didn't find anything useful in the trace (maybe that's too advanced for me). Were you trying foobar2000 to reproduce the noises?

Try to uninstall MSI afterburner, intel raid and Bitdefender (use ms defender in the meanwhile).
Then reboot and see if the problem disappears.
 
Still the same, storport.sys and ndis.sys high latency
the latency spikes everytime i open Google Chrome.
I need foobar2000 to listen to music, I uninstalled the MSI Afterburner, i didnt install intel raid software, and there are some problems to remove the antivirus.
maybe i have to try to reformat the os and reinstall everything?
 
The antivirus uninstallation was successful. I didn't found any Intel stuff inside my control panel (except my cpu name).
There are still the same :thud:
The latency is fine before I open Google Chrome while I'm listening to music. Everytime I open chrome the NDIS.sys latency spikes.
 
1) Set bios default settings (load optimized defaults)
2) not sure about the versions of these files: iastora.sys, iastorav.sys, iastor.sys.
Maybe you can install the version provided by your MB manufacturer: ASUS H170 PRO GAMING Intel Rapid Storage Technology Driver software 15.2.1.1028 2016/12/14 (click)
3) install or reinstall ASUS H170 PRO GAMING Intel LAN Driver V20.2.3001.0 for Windows Win8.1 64bit---(WHQL) (click)
4) Check also if you have the (non-beta) versions listed in chipset, audio, vga and usb sections: ASUS H170 PRO GAMING Driver & Tools (click) (if not, install those versions)
5) Reboot and see if something changes.
6) If it doesn't, try to uninstall the intel RST (hopefully this time you should see it in control panel).
7) If it's still the same, provide a new trace (last hope)
 
I'm sorry that I've upgraded my windows 8.1 to 10. I have set the bios default settings,disabled "depop" at the hd audio settings
I reinstalled everything, and ran the latencymon(for 1 hour while playing some videos on youtube using chrome), the result i get show below.
LATMON.png
Read More:

Here's the updated msinfo


Speccy link:
http://speccy.piriform.com/results/YY48Hn8Wu2g0JmTZNbsx1Hd

Here's the trace file I just ran for approximately 10 minutes
 
Ok, install intel RST and check if that helps.
If it doesn't help, uninstall it and see how it goes.

Does this happens with Chrome only? Did you try other browsers?

Now I'll check your new logs/trace.

Edit:
I also checked the latest NVidia drivers and in their Changelog "says" [375.86, GP104] Corruption in YouTube video playback when two or more videos are playing at the same time in Chrome. [1843100].
Hence maybe this problem could also be caused by NVidia drivers.
 
Last edited:

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