Depending on how you cloned the disk, that is, whether the cloning software was going sector by sector with no checking for things marked bad, or were using a "smart clone" (for lack of a better term) that skips sectors marked as bad, will determine whether there are any sectors marked as bad in the resulting cloned disk.
If the cloned device is known to be good, it certainly would not have any "hard" bad sectors, but would have any soft bad sectors from the original disk marked as same in the clone if it was a sector by sector clone.
It's not even guaranteed that the original media has actual hard bad sectors, and it is not at all unusual for any HDD to develop a few bad sectors over time. It's normal, actually, for that to happen. It's if you suddenly see bad sectors and the count is increasing rapidly that you know you've got a drive in the process of failure. I have a 2TB HDD that has had a single bad sector on it for years, and I'm actually presuming that's probably a "soft" bad sector. Now that I've just replaced it as my OS drive with an SSD, I'll find out when I reinitialize the whole drive.
See these two articles for a good description of bad sectors and when same should, or should not, be a cause for concern:
Bad Sectors Explained: Why Hard Drives Get Bad Sectors and What You Can Do About It
“A few bad sectors don’t indicate that a hard drive is about to fail — they can just happen. However, if your hard drive is rapidly developing bad sectors, it may be a sign that your hard drive is failing.”
What Is a bad sector and how can I repair it?
Bad sectors are fairly common with normal computer use and the imperfections of the world we live in . . .
Clearly, though, whether those bad sectors were hard or soft on the drive being discussed is irrelevant because things had already progressed to the stage where it would not boot. I agree that the best thing to do is to extract the user data then start with a fresh reinstall of Windows 10 on a new disc. You might be able to use a paid utility such as
Fabs AutoBackup (there is a Home and a Pro verison, both paid) to attempt to extract more aspects of the existing Windows 10 installation for transfer, but it's a gamble. Also, as an aside, you really should be using the currently cloned disc to do all of your recovery attempts from. A badly damaged or failing HDD is at high probability of catastrophic failure the more you keep "hitting on it" for any purpose. One of the first rules of data recovery, when a failing but not yet failed drive is involved, is to clone that drive then use the clone as the media that you keep doing your digging on.