[C#] Reversi Program - Using GDI With Fully Integrated Logic Class

AceInfinity · Feb 21, 2013

Probably one of the most advanced games I've tried recreating. I don't make a lot of games, but the logic here on a matrix was a little convoluted through the development stages.

What I mean by fully integrated logic is that the control itself does absolutely everything for you. You can basically take this control, build it, and place it within your program immediately to start playing Reversi.

There might be some issues I haven't seen yet, but it seems to work fine. I finished this early in the morning, but the only issue I have come across (and one I knew about because it was my list of todo's the whole time), is that when a play can't be made, it does not skip to the other person's turn like it is supposed to. This is an easy fix though.

By the time you get to this stage, you probably will only have maybe 10 empty spaces on the board at most. Just loop through all of the empties and see if it's a possible move, and if none are found then skip to the next user. If the next user can't play, then the game is done probably.

Usually you'll get to the point where all of the tiles are occupied though (80% of the time).

I've seen the standard for this game is an 8x8 grid, but the way I've programmed it, If you don't add it via the designer, you can have as large of a grid as you want. (I was playing with 25x25 before no problem.)

Unless you change the default constructor to chain to the second constructor with different values than 8 and 8.

Preview: Reversi Program - Developed by AceInfinity - YouTube

Earlier Images (through the progress):

Code: [C#] Reversi Game - Pastebin.com

Code:

// Developed by AceInfinity (c) Tech.Reboot.Pro 2013
// Reversi Game
//
// OBJECTIVE:
// The objective of this game is to own more pieces than your opponent by the time the game is finished. 
// The game is over when the board is fully filled in, or neither player can make a move. 

// RULES:
// Each reversi piece has a red side and a blue side. Player1 will be red, and Player2 will be blue here.
// You must place the piece so that an opponent's piece is sandwiched between 2 of your pieces including the
// piece you just played for that turn. All of the opponent's pieces between that newly placed piece and the
// pre-existing piece of your own, become your own pieces and change to your Player's color. 
//
// You can only place a piece on an empty tile. If you cannot make a legal move, you have to pass your turn,
// and allow your opponent to make a move instead. You can capture vertical, horizontal, and diagonal paths of pieces.
// You can also, capture more than one path of your opponents pieces at once with a good move. 

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Reversi
{
	class ReversiBoard : PictureBox
	{
		#region // Constructors
		public ReversiBoard() : this(new ReversiLayout(8, 8)) { }

		public ReversiBoard(ReversiLayout layout)
		{
			_layout = layout;

			// Default Initialization
			_borderColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 50, 50, 50);
			_tileColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 25, 25, 25);

			_player1Color = Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 25, 25); // Red
			_player2Color = Color.FromArgb(255, 25, 150, 255); // Blue

			_markers = new ReversiPlayer[_layout.Columns, _layout.Rows];

			this.Size = new Size(_layout.Columns * _tileSize, _layout.Rows * _tileSize + _paddingBottom);
			_faintCollection.ListChanged += new ListChangedEventHandler((sender, e) => this.Invalidate());
			NewGame();
		}
		#endregion

		#region // Fields & Properties
		private ReversiLayout _layout; // Stores board layout information
		private Coordinates _lastCoordinates; // Keeps track of last coordinate for efficient checking
		private const int _tileSize = 25; // Constant tile size for game board
		private const int _paddingBottom = 15; // Constant for extra information at bottom (score)
		private ReversiPlayer[,] _markers; // Player markers for game board
		private BindingList<Marker> _faintCollection = new BindingList<Marker>(); // For hover image on valid locations

		private ReversiPlayer _currentPlayer = ReversiPlayer.Player1; // Current player to take his/her turn
		private Coordinates _targetCoordinates; // Represents the target coordinate for the flips
		private int _player1MarkerCount; // Represents the target coordinate for the flips
		private int _player2MarkerCount; // Represents the target coordinate for the flips

		/// <summary>
		/// Game tiles border color.
		/// </summary>
		private Color _borderColor;
		public Color BorderColor
		{
			get { return _borderColor; }
			set { _borderColor = value; }
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Game tiles back color.
		/// </summary>
		private Color _tileColor;
		public Color TileColor
		{
			get { return _tileColor; }
			set { _tileColor = value; }
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Player1's marker color.
		/// </summary>
		private Color _player1Color;
		public Color Player1Color
		{
			get { return _player1Color; }
			set { _player1Color = value; }
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Player2's marker color.
		/// </summary>
		private Color _player2Color;
		public Color Player2Color
		{
			get { return _player2Color; }
			set { _player2Color = value; }
		}
		
		public bool GameFinished
		{
			get
			{
				bool boardComplete = true;
				for (int i = 0; i < _layout.Columns; i++)
				{
					for (int j = 0; j < _layout.Rows; j++)
					{
						if (_markers[i, j] == ReversiPlayer.None)
						{
							goto BoardNotComplete;
						}
					}
				}
				if (boardComplete)
				{
					return true;
				}
			BoardNotComplete:
				// Board was found incomplete so let's check if any moves can still be made
				//...

				return false;
			}
		}
		#endregion

		#region // Overrides
		/// <summary>
		/// Paints the board visual with all the player markers and current player indicator.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="pe">PaintEventArgs.</param>
		protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe)
		{
			base.OnPaint(pe);

			Graphics g = pe.Graphics;
			g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;

			// Paint the grid
			SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush(_borderColor);
			Pen p = new Pen(sb);

			HatchBrush hb1 = new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.SmallCheckerBoard, _tileColor);
			HatchBrush hb2 = new HatchBrush(HatchStyle.SmallCheckerBoard, Color.FromArgb(245, _tileColor));

			int x = 0;
			bool evenRows = _layout.Rows % 2 == 0;

			for (int i = 0; i < _layout.Columns; i++)
			{
				for (int j = 0; j < _layout.Rows; j++, x++)
				{
					Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(i * _tileSize, j * _tileSize, _tileSize, _tileSize);
					g.FillRectangle(x % 2 == 0 ? hb1 : hb2, rect);
					g.DrawRectangle(p, rect);
				}

				if (evenRows)
				{
					x++;
				}
			}

			hb1.Dispose();
			hb2.Dispose();

			// Paint Markers
			sb.Color = _player1Color;
			p.Color = sb.Color;

			for (int i = 0; i <= _markers.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
			{
				for (int j = 0; j <= _markers.GetUpperBound(1); j++)
				{
					if (_markers[i, j] != ReversiPlayer.None)
					{
						Color color = _markers[i, j] == ReversiPlayer.Player1 ? _player1Color : _player2Color;
						p.Color = color;
						Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(i * _tileSize + 1, j * _tileSize + 1, _tileSize - 2, _tileSize - 2);
						g.DrawEllipse(p, rect);

						sb.Color = Color.FromArgb(100, color);
						g.FillEllipse(sb, rect);
					}
				}
			}

			foreach (Marker m in _faintCollection)
			{
				Color color = Color.FromArgb(50, m.Player == ReversiPlayer.Player1 ? _player1Color : _player2Color);
				p.Color = color;
				Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(m.TileCoordinates.X * _tileSize + 1, m.TileCoordinates.Y * _tileSize + 1, _tileSize - 2, _tileSize - 2);
				g.DrawEllipse(p, rect);

				sb.Color = Color.FromArgb(25, color);
				g.FillEllipse(sb, rect);
			}

			p.Dispose();

			// Paint current player indicator
			using (Font font = new Font("Arial", 7.5f, FontStyle.Regular))
			{
				sb.Color = Color.FromArgb(200, 255, 255, 255);
				g.DrawString(string.Format("{0}'s Turn", _currentPlayer), font, sb, new PointF(2, 2));
				sb.Color = Color.Black;
				g.DrawString(string.Format("Player1: {0} | Player2: {1}", _player1MarkerCount, _player2MarkerCount), font, sb, new PointF(2, this.Height - 14));
			}

			sb.Dispose();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Makes sure that we cannot resize the board once it has been initialized.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="e">EventArgs.</param>
		protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
		{
			base.OnResize(e);
			this.Size = new Size(_layout.Columns * _tileSize, _layout.Rows * _tileSize + _paddingBottom);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// For clicking on the game board and adding a marker to a location on the grid.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="e">MouseEventArgs.</param>
		protected override void OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs e)
		{
			base.OnMouseUp(e);
			// Check release boundaries
			Coordinates coordinates = new Coordinates(e.X / _tileSize, e.Y / _tileSize);
			if (IsValidLocation(coordinates))
			{
				_markers[coordinates.X, coordinates.Y] = _currentPlayer;
				FlipOpponentMarkers(coordinates);
				_faintCollection.Clear();
				UpdateMarkerCount();

				if (GameFinished)
				{
					GameOver();
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Calculates move validity and shows faint marker indicator for valid tiles
		/// to place markers on.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="e">MouseEventArgs.</param>
		protected override void OnMouseMove(MouseEventArgs e)
		{
			base.OnMouseMove(e);
			if (e.Button == MouseButtons.None)
			{
				Coordinates coordinates = new Coordinates(e.X / _tileSize, e.Y / _tileSize);
				if (!_lastCoordinates.Equals(coordinates))
				{
					if (IsValidLocation(coordinates))
					{
						_faintCollection.Add(new Marker(_currentPlayer, coordinates));
						if (_faintCollection.Count > 1)
						{
							_faintCollection.RemoveAt(0);
						}
					}
					_lastCoordinates = coordinates;
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets rid of the faint marker indicator if mouse leaves the control.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="e">EventArgs.</param>
		protected override void OnMouseLeave(EventArgs e)
		{
			base.OnMouseLeave(e);
			_faintCollection.Clear();
		}
		#endregion

		#region // Methods
		/// <summary>
		/// Initialize and start a new game.
		/// </summary>
		private void NewGame()
		{
			for (int i = 0; i <= _markers.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
			{
				for (int j = 0; j <= _markers.GetUpperBound(1); j++)
				{
					_markers[i, j] = ReversiPlayer.None;
				}
			}

			int xPos = _markers.GetUpperBound(0) / 2;
			int yPos = _markers.GetUpperBound(1) / 2;

			_markers[xPos++, yPos] = ReversiPlayer.Player1;
			_markers[xPos, yPos++] = ReversiPlayer.Player2;
			_markers[xPos--, yPos] = ReversiPlayer.Player1;
			_markers[xPos, yPos] = ReversiPlayer.Player2;
			this.Invalidate();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Game was finished: Display winner and reset the game.
		/// </summary>
		private void GameOver()
		{
			string msg = string.Empty;
			if (_player1MarkerCount > _player2MarkerCount)
			{
				msg = string.Format("Player1 won with {0} markers!", _player1MarkerCount);
			}
			else
			{
				msg = string.Format("Player2 won with {0} markers!", _player2MarkerCount);
			}
			MessageBox.Show(msg, "Game Over", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk);
			NewGame();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Updates the marker count for both players.
		/// </summary>
		private void UpdateMarkerCount()
		{
			_player1MarkerCount = _player2MarkerCount = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i <= _markers.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
			{
				for (int j = 0; j <= _markers.GetUpperBound(1); j++)
				{
					if (_markers[i, j] == ReversiPlayer.Player1)
					{
						_player1MarkerCount++;
					}
					else if (_markers[i, j] == ReversiPlayer.Player2)
					{
						_player2MarkerCount++;
					}
				}
			}
			this.Invalidate();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Determining whether a move from the current coordinate in a specific direction is possible.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="coordinates">Current coordinates to check.</param>
		/// <param name="direction">Current direction from coordinates to check.</param>
		/// <returns>Whether the marker position is a possible move.</returns>
		private bool PossibleMove(Coordinates coordinates, ReversiPlayer player, Direction direction)
		{
			bool valid = false;
			int x = coordinates.X;
			int y = coordinates.Y;

			switch (direction)
			{
				case Direction.Up:
					y--;
					while (y > 0 && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						y--;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.Down:
					y++;
					while (y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						y++;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; } 
					}
					break;
				case Direction.Left:
					x--;
					while (x > 0 && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x--;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.Right:
					x++;
					while (x < _markers.GetUpperBound(0) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x++;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.DiagonalRightUp:
					x++;
					y--;
					while ((x < _markers.GetUpperBound(0) && y > 0) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x++;
						y--;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.DiagonalRightDown:
					x++;
					y++;
					while ((x < _markers.GetUpperBound(0) && y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1)) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x++;
						y++;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.DiagonalLeftUp:
					x--;
					y--;
					while ((x > 0 && y > 0) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x--;
						y--;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
				case Direction.DiagonalLeftDown:
					x--;
					y++;
					while ((x > 0 && y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1) && y > 0) && !valid)
					{
						if (_markers[x, y] == ReversiPlayer.None) { goto FoundEmpty; }
						x--;
						y++;
						if (_markers[x, y] == _currentPlayer) { valid = true; }
					}
					break;
			}

			if (valid)
			{
				_targetCoordinates = new Coordinates(x, y);
			}

			FoundEmpty:
			return valid;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Checks if current tile is a valid move for the current player.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="coordinates">Coordinates that indicate the current tile.</param>
		/// <returns>Valid move or not.</returns>
		private bool IsValidLocation(Coordinates coordinates)
		{
			if ((coordinates.X >= 0 && coordinates.X <= _markers.GetUpperBound(0)) &&
				(coordinates.Y >= 0 && coordinates.Y <= _markers.GetUpperBound(1)))
			{
				// Check if marker already exists
				if (_markers[coordinates.X, coordinates.Y] != ReversiPlayer.None)
				{
					return false;
				}

				bool validLocation = false;
				ReversiPlayer opponent = _currentPlayer ^ (ReversiPlayer)3;

				// Check 3 spots to the right of tile
				if (coordinates.X < _markers.GetUpperBound(0))
				{
					if (coordinates.Y > 0 && _markers[coordinates.X + 1, coordinates.Y - 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalRightUp))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}
					if (coordinates.Y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1) && _markers[coordinates.X + 1, coordinates.Y + 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalRightDown))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}
					if (_markers[coordinates.X + 1, coordinates.Y] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Right))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}

					if (validLocation)
					{
						goto FoundValidMove;
					}
				}

				// Check 3 spots to the left of tile
				if (coordinates.X > 0)
				{
					if (coordinates.Y > 0 && _markers[coordinates.X - 1, coordinates.Y - 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalLeftUp))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}
					if (coordinates.Y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1) && _markers[coordinates.X - 1, coordinates.Y + 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalLeftDown))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}
					if (_markers[coordinates.X - 1, coordinates.Y] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Left))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}

					if (validLocation)
					{
						goto FoundValidMove;
					}
				}

				// Check 1 spot below the tile
				if (coordinates.Y < _markers.GetUpperBound(1))
				{
					if (_markers[coordinates.X, coordinates.Y + 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Down))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}

					if (validLocation)
					{
						goto FoundValidMove;
					}
				}

				// Check 1 spot above the tile
				if (coordinates.Y > 0)
				{
					if (_markers[coordinates.X, coordinates.Y - 1] == opponent)
					{
						if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Up))
						{
							validLocation = true;
						}
					}
				}

			FoundValidMove:
				return validLocation;
			}
			return false;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Flip opponent markers from current move at specified coordinates.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="coordinates">Coordinates of the newly placed marker.</param>
		private void FlipOpponentMarkers(Coordinates coordinates)
		{
			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Up))
			{
				for (int i = coordinates.Y; i > _targetCoordinates.Y; i--)
				{
					_markers[coordinates.X, i] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Down))
			{
				for (int i = coordinates.Y; i < _targetCoordinates.Y; i++)
				{
					_markers[coordinates.X, i] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Left))
			{
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i > _targetCoordinates.X; i--)
				{
					_markers[i, coordinates.Y] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.Right))
			{
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i < _targetCoordinates.X; i++)
				{
					_markers[i, coordinates.Y] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalRightUp))
			{
				int j = coordinates.Y;
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i < _targetCoordinates.X; i++, j--)
				{
					_markers[i, j] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalRightDown))
			{
				int j = coordinates.Y;
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i < _targetCoordinates.X; i++, j++)
				{
					_markers[i, j] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalLeftUp))
			{
				int j = coordinates.Y;
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i > _targetCoordinates.X; i--, j--)
				{
					_markers[i, j] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			if (PossibleMove(coordinates, _currentPlayer, Direction.DiagonalLeftDown))
			{
				int j = coordinates.Y;
				for (int i = coordinates.X; i > _targetCoordinates.X; i--, j++)
				{
					_markers[i, j] = _currentPlayer;
				}
			}

			_currentPlayer ^= (ReversiPlayer)3;
			this.Invalidate();
		}
		#endregion
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Determines the layout for the game grid/board.
	/// </summary>
	struct ReversiLayout
	{
		public ReversiLayout(int rows, int columns)
		{
			this.Rows = rows;
			this.Columns = columns;
		}

		public readonly int Rows;
		public readonly int Columns;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Determines the current player and occupied or vacant tile piece.
	/// </summary>
	enum ReversiPlayer : short
	{
		None = 0,
		Player1 = 1,
		Player2 = 2
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Determines the direction to look in for a valid move.
	/// </summary>
	enum Direction : short
	{
		Up, 
		Down,
		Left,
		Right, 
		DiagonalRightUp,
		DiagonalRightDown,
		DiagonalLeftUp,
		DiagonalLeftDown
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stores relative tile coordinates on game board.
	/// </summary>
	struct Coordinates
	{
		public Coordinates(int x, int y)
		{
			this.X = x;
			this.Y = y;
		}

		public readonly int X;
		public readonly int Y;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Data for game pieces that are displayed on the board.
	/// </summary>
	class Marker
	{
		// Fields & Properties
		public ReversiPlayer Player;
		public Coordinates TileCoordinates;
		
		// Constructor
		public Marker(ReversiPlayer player, Coordinates location)
		{
			this.Player = player;
			this.TileCoordinates = location;
		}
	}
}

Still some minor functionality to be added, so I didn't worry about going through it all and optimizing it quite yet. Take it to learn from though if you want. There is quite a bit of code to this one though, so it can be overwhelming at first glance, I spent some time on this one though, and I had a few headaches with the logic that was a bit confusing at first.

Now if I was any good with WPF or any web languages like JavaScript and HTML5, I could turn this into a Windows store app. And maybe I will lol... Just hope that no one else takes my idea, but it would be my own fault if I left it alone long enough.

If you would like to read more about my progress on this as I went along, here's the original thread that started it all: Reversi (Othello) Program. KoBE challenged other members to attempt at a Reversi game so I took the bait. :)

Enjoy :)
~Ace

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[C#] Reversi Program - Using GDI With Fully Integrated Logic Class

AceInfinity

Emeritus, Contributor