[@PeterJ]
Hi, Peter,
I resolved this problem. The main reason why I can't install the update is that I moved the EFI folder from my EFI volume to my OS volume.
For example,
I have 5 volumes,
1st is MSR, about 128MB
2nd is EFI, 300 MB
3rd is OS volume, my win10 is installed on this volume
4th is data, I storage all of my data on this volume.
5th is macosx, I install yosemite macosx on this volume.
I used UEFI to boot, and installed a 'Clover' on EFI volume to boot both win10 and macosx. After installing win10, I moved the folder EFI/Microsoft/* from EFI volume to my OS volume. The 'Clover' can scan and get all EFI boot system from the hard disks. So it can work fine. However, the win10 update may not be able to find the relateve files, and fail to update the OS.
Now after I moved the folder back to EFI volume, my win10 was updated to 1709 successfully.
Please help to mark this problem as 'resolved'.
Thanks a lot for your help.