Hi gramatter, and welcome to the forums ...
Just to cover all the bases, I imagine you've already tried the Windows 10 Apps Troubleshooter?
Run the troubleshooter for Windows apps - Windows Help -
And to rule out any trouble with repairs in a virtual environment ... why not try the DISM with a local DVD?
I imagine that you've already tried the PowerShell tactic of reinstalling the built-in Windows 10 apps?
How to reinstall default apps in Windows 10 - CNE
And, if the problem is fairly recent, (and if none of the above helps) ... do you have a restore point from before the trouble started (which of course would allow a System Restore to work)?
And, if none of the above brings a solution, what errors do you see in Event Viewer that are concurrent with the misbehaving apps?
It's rather odd that most of the worst behaving features of Windows 10 are the built-in apps.... A pity, since the operating system itself is fairly nice.
[P.S..... if we can't find a quick solution for you here, I'll send you over to our Windows Update forum, where we have some experts at running a special method for fixing file corruptions that SFC/DISM have trouble with ... they call it SFCfix ... ]