Hi my friends! Since this is a non-Blue Screen issue, I wanted to share some experience I've had with the "System detected an overrun of a stack-based buffer in this application" error over the years.
When I have access to the machine, I am usually able to pinpoint an exact application that is throwing the error, and can often link it back to a missing Visual C++ Redistributable (but not always).
I am not optimistic about this solution in this case, because it is happening when you open an area of Windows 10 Settings, AND you are having trouble installing the Sysnative tools.
Other things that have been reported to make the issue go away (in order of least destructiveness):
System Restore to before time when issue occurred -
Windows System Restore - Restore your System (Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7 & Vista)
Repair install of Windows (where you are allowed to keep files) -
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4000735/windows-10-reinstall (Search for "Reinstall Windows 10 using installation media" - Keep File and Apps)
Feature Upgrade to newer version of Windows 10 (which won't be possible in this case)
Full reinstall of Windows -
Doing a Completely Clean Install or Reinstall of Windows 10
Special note: When people have reported the repair install was successful, that was on Windows 7 - not Windows 10.
Before deciding on an option, we could discover the extent of the severity of the issue by trying to install any piece of reputable software to see if it also fails to install: We could try installing Firefox browser if you don't have it installed already. It is really your choice.
Since those will typically be msi files instead of exe's, if the application you choose successfully installs, you can open an elevated command prompt and run:
assoc .exe=exefile
Then reboot the computer and retry the Sysnative tools and the Windows 10 settings.
(Make sure there are no spaces after the .exe=, or else it could actually ruin your exe file associations)
(There are many methods to run an elevated command prompt, but one way is to type cmd into the Windows 10 search bar and right-click Command Prompt - select Run as Administrator)
As far as further education on the "stack-based buffer" error - people see it, and they tend to take the message literally, and think it is malware-related. But it really has nothing to do with malware:
STATUS_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN doesn't mean that there was a stack buffer overrun | The Old New Thing
If it happens once - safe to ignore.
If it happens again (which is happening this time) - worth remediating.
