Error 0x800f0983 with latest cumulative update

After closing some of the many browser tabs I had open, 7-Zip now seems to be working again, so I guess it was indeed a lack of available memory that caused both that and the previous corrupt files. Apologies for the inconvenience!
 
No problem and please provide a new copy of the COMPONENTS hive.

Upload your COMPONENTS hive.
  • Navigate to C:\Windows\System32\Config and locate the COMPONENTS file.
  • Please copy this file to your desktop.
  • Note: If you receive an error that this file is in-use, simply reboot your computer and try again.
  • Right-click on this file on your desktop and select Send To > Compressed (zipped) folder. This will create a file named COMPONENTS.ZIP on your desktop.
  • If the file is too large to upload here, upload the file to www.wetransfer.com and post the link in your next reply.
 
Some things has been changed now, so please do the following.

Download
67139f7e69a58-SFCFix-ico.PNG
SFCFix and save it to your desktop.

Warning: This fix was written specifically for this system. Do not run this fix on another system.
  • Save any work you have open, and close all programs.
  • Download the attachment SFCFix.zip and save it to your desktop.
  • Drag the SFCFix.zip file over the SFCFix.exe executable and release it.
67139f52b3c1e-SFCFix-Zip-Eng.gif

  • SFCFix will launch, let it complete.
  • Once done, a file will appear on your desktop, called SFCFix.txt.
  • Post the logfile (SFCFix.txt) as attachment in your next reply.

Afterwards attempt to update, if it fails attach a new copy of the CBS logs.
 

Attachments

Due to the number of missing RTM files en registry values I would suggest to perform an in-place-upgrade which is the most reliable way to fix this.
 
That's not really an option, since when setting up this machine, I applied numerous setting changes/registry tweaks to improve performance, cut down on Windows spying, etc. It would take ages to do this all again, so if you can't fix it, please refer me to someone who can.
 
I only have backups of my data (documents, downloads, pictures, etc.) - as I understand it, while it is possible to back up the registry as well, trying to merge such a backup with the new registry created after an in-place upgrade would just lead to massive corruption and potentially render the machine unbootable.
 
Indeed, I wouldn't recommend that as it may cause other issues. I've seen several cases like this, and manual fixes didn't work either and ended up in a loop of the same corruptions. What you can do is to convert this installation into an VHdx-image with Disk2vhd to load it into Hyper-V to see with tweaks have been undone etc after the in-place-upgrade.
 
While I am an experienced user, I've never used Hyper-V, and I'm not sure how I would be able to see which tweaks have been undone (etc.) when I don't even remember most of the registry locations. I'd basically have to repeat all the hours of research that I did when I first set up this machine.

In those circumstances, thanks for trying I guess, and presumably this thread should just be closed. For now, I'll just have to not update (and I'm not really at any risk of e.g. malware sneaking in using unpatched vulnerabilities anyway), until I can find a free few days to do an in-place upgrade and then restore everything manually as I said. Thanks again for all your assistance anyway.
 
Okay, when you have a heavily tweaked system I can only suggest to schedule frequent backups / imagess of the complete system drive, and before each patch Tuesday. So you can easily revert the system to a previous state. My backup strategy is as follows:

1. Daily an incremental backup of specific folders / registry files C:\Windows\System32\Config.
2. Weekly a full system image on friday.
3. Each month a full system image before patch Tuesday, and sometimes also a manual image just to be sure.
 
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